Plymouth

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Coordinates: 50°22′N 4°08′W / 50.37, -4.14

Plymouth is a city of 243,795 inhabitants (2001 census) in the county of Devon in South West England. It is situated at the mouths of the rivers Plym and Tamar and overlooks one of Europe's largest natural harbours, Plymouth Sound. The city is large in geographical area because of the building of many postwar satellite housing estates and the absorption of Plympton and Plymstock in the 1960s.

The city has a rich maritime past and was once one of the most important Royal Navy bases in the United Kingdom, making the city a prime target of the Luftwaffe during World War II. After extensive destruction to the city in the Blitz of 1941, Plymouth was rebuilt under the guidance of architect Patrick Abercrombie. It is still home to the largest naval base in Western Europe.

Important locations in the city include The Royal Citadel, Devonport Royal Dockyard and The Barbican from where the Pilgrims left for the New World in 1620. The University of Plymouth with thirty thousand students is the fourth largest in the UK.

Plymouth people are known as Plymothians or less formally as Janners.

History

The earliest known settlement on the area now occupied by Plymouth is at Mount Batten. It dates from the late Bronze Age, and was later an Iron Age trading port. It is thought that tin was brought here from Dartmoor via the Plym and traded with the Phoenicians. As part of the Roman Empire this port continued to trade tin along with cattle and hides but was later overshadowed by the rise of the fishing village of Sutton opposite, whose name means south town.

At the time of the Domesday Book (1086) the manor of Sutton was held by the King, but Henry I granted it to the Valletort family of nearby Trematon Castle. The Valletorts in turn granted parts to the Augustinian priory at Plympton, a larger and older settlement than Plymouth, at the head of the tidal estuary of the River Plym. That part of the town owned by Plympton Priory was granted a market charter in 1254, and the whole town and its surrounding area achieved municipal independence in 1439, becoming the first town to be incorporated by Act of Parliament.

Read more at Wikipedia.org